Masa sekarang apabila sesuatu isu pengajaran dan pembelajaran sains dibangkitkan, kemungkin yang sangat besar isu itu adalah berkenaan dengan PPSMI-Pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Tidak dinafikan isu itu sangat hangat.
Di samping itu, adalah diharapkan isu berkenaan kaedah mengajar sains diberi perhatian yang sama berat. Isu utama di sini ialah pembelajaran sains yang sebenar; suka dan cekap belajar sains dan mengapresiasi sains; memperoleh 'sikap saintifik', minda-terbuka, objektiviti dan mengelakkan kecenderungan 'melompat ke kesimpulan'. Sememangnya isu ini amat luas dan saya hadkan kepada kerja amali sahaja dalam artikel ini. Adalah baiknya seorang guru sains membuat refleksi secara kritikal amalan diri dengan menanya soalan-soalan seperti yang berikut (jangan berhenti di situ sahaja):
-Adakah kerja amali yang dijalankan itu memotivasikan murid-murid?
-Adakah murid-murid memperoleh kemahiran makmal melalui kerja-kerja amali itu?
-Adakah kerja amali itu membantu murid-murid membentukkan satu kefahaman konsep sains?
-Adakah kerja amali itu membentukkan 'sikap saintifik' yang betul?
-Adakah kerja amali yang dibuat oleh murid itu menyelesaikan masalah guru dengan mengikut prosedur guru atau masalah murid mengikut prosedur murid?
-Dapatkah pengalaman dan kemahiran yang diperoleh oleh murid-murid melalui kerja amali dipindahkan kepada situasi harian di luar makmal sains?
-Semasa menjalankan sesuatu kerja amali, adakah murid-murid melaksanakan prosedur kerja dengan minda saintifik, kemahiran menyiasat bersifat objektif dan analitikal atau setakat mengikut prosedur atau langkah macam resipi sahaja?
Seorang guru sains perlu sedar bahawa dalam menjalankan sesuatu kajian sains, objektif pembelajaran tidak akan dicapai sekiranya murid-murid tidak mempunyai kefahaman teori asas dan mempunyai kerangka minda saintifik dalam melaksanakan kajian saintifik melalui kaedah penemuan. Yang lebih mungkin ialah : Sesuatu kerja amali dimulakan dengan langkah-langkah pengumpulan data yang sepatutnya bersifat saintifik akan merosot menjadi usaha mekanikal 'mengikut resipi'. Yang lebih membimbangkan ialah apabila murid-murid memperoleh keputusan yang 'salah', guru memberi keputusan yang 'betul' dan dengan itu, membatalkan segala usaha kerja amali yang dibuat oleh murid-murid. Keadaan itu boleh menyebabkan kecenderungan murid-murid untuk mencari jawapan yang 'betul'(dalam keadaan sebenar, satu jawapan yang betul mungkin diperoleh selepas berpuluh-puluh atau beratus-ratus jawapan yang salah!)
'Sikap saintifik' ditakrifkan sebagai sikap dan pendekatan terhadap maklumat, idea, prosedur sains yang merangkumi amalan bebas dari nilai (value free) dan objektiviti tanpa prejudis teori (theoritically-unprejudiced objectivity), minda terbuka dan tidak terus lompat ke kesimpulan (willingness to suspend judgment).
Pembaca mungkin berfikir bahawa isu ini senang dibangkit tetapi susah diusahakan. Saya amat setuju. Tujuan saya membangkitkan isu ini di sini adalah untuk menegaskan bahawa ada isu pengajaran sains yang lebih besar di sebalik isu PPSMI sekiranya kita ingin membentukkan satu masyarakat maju yang berasaskan kepada sains dan teknologi yang kukuh dalam erti kata sebenar. Jika lebih ramai orang, sama ada yang terlibat secara terus atau tidak dengan pengajaran dan pembelajaran sains, memikir dan membincang secara aktif tentang isu ini dan selanjutnya mengambil langkah-langkah pengubahsuaian yang positif, lebih mungkin kualiti pengajaran dan pembelajaran sains dapat ditingkatkan.
Tuesday, November 18, 2008
Friday, November 14, 2008
On Creativity
The most important contribution that a teacher can make towards the creative development of a child is to provide him the security and freedom to explore, create and make mistakes. However, more often than not, this is not happening in most of our classrooms.
More typically, a child becomes "self-conscious" of what is "supposed" to be done due to conditioning signified by certain kind of forces, rules and orders that are generally indicated to it by subtle and implicit rewards, such as praise and approval or vice-versa, criticisms and punishments and the needs to conform.
More typically, a child becomes "self-conscious" of what is "supposed" to be done due to conditioning signified by certain kind of forces, rules and orders that are generally indicated to it by subtle and implicit rewards, such as praise and approval or vice-versa, criticisms and punishments and the needs to conform.
Most education make use of rewards and punishments as key motivating factors. However, this conception will cause a tremendous barrier to creativity.
Finally, who is to be blamed when a child lives in a dark world called classroom where conformity is beauty and creativity is ugly?
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
Blame It On Newton
I have not been writing on the subject of science teaching for quite some time. Blame it on Newton who taught us that when an object is at rest, it tends to remain at rest unless acted upon by a net external force.
It was suppose to be a routine morning but because our friend woke up late, many things went wrong. There was very little friction between the half-boiled egg and the plate he was holding. As a result, the egg slipped from the plate. Instantly he blamed it on Newton who talked a lot about friction.
The egg dropped onto the floor and its shell cracked spilling its content on the floor. Why did the egg fall downward and not just remained floating near the plate. Gravity-of course. Who to blame? Newton-of course.
Before you blame me for writing this 'nonsence', I am just joking but seriously I think we must tell some interesting and related 'nonsence' to make the lesson interesting enough to attract the attention even the most sleepy student in the class. Otherwise, how can we make students want to learn Newton's laws? Why learn Newton's laws? Because these laws have many applications in daily life. So don't get angry with me. Just blame it on Newton.
It was suppose to be a routine morning but because our friend woke up late, many things went wrong. There was very little friction between the half-boiled egg and the plate he was holding. As a result, the egg slipped from the plate. Instantly he blamed it on Newton who talked a lot about friction.
The egg dropped onto the floor and its shell cracked spilling its content on the floor. Why did the egg fall downward and not just remained floating near the plate. Gravity-of course. Who to blame? Newton-of course.
Before you blame me for writing this 'nonsence', I am just joking but seriously I think we must tell some interesting and related 'nonsence' to make the lesson interesting enough to attract the attention even the most sleepy student in the class. Otherwise, how can we make students want to learn Newton's laws? Why learn Newton's laws? Because these laws have many applications in daily life. So don't get angry with me. Just blame it on Newton.
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